RELATION BETWEEN DEFENSE BUDGET, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, AND EXTERNAL DEBT WITH MILITARY STRENGTH: EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN COUNTRIES

Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis In OIC Countries: Evidence From Panel Unit Root Tests With Heterogeneous Structural Breaks

Foreign Knowledge Spillovers and Total Factor Productivity Growth: Evidence from Four ASEAN Countries

This study examines the dynamic relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and total factor productivity having controlled for other channels of external openness: exports and imports in four ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. We employ the panel data analysis PDA (fixed effect and dynamic panel models) as well as the panel cointegration and Granger causali...

The Military Expenditure-external Debt Nexus: New Evidence from a Panel of Middle Eastern Countries

This paper examines the impact of military expenditure and income on external debt for a panel of six Middle Eastern countries; namely, Oman, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Iran, and Jordan, over the period 1988 to 2002. Using Pedroni's (2004) test for panel cointegration, we find that there is a long-run relationship between external debt, military expenditure and income. The estimated long-run elasti...

purchasing power parity hypothesis in oic countries: evidence from panel unit root tests with heterogeneous structural breaks

Some Evidence of Purchasing Power Parity

Empirical support for purchasing power parity is mixed with results dependent on the time frame and countries under examination, the methodology employed, attempts to control for aggregation bias in the data, and whether adjustments are made to account for productivity differences across nations. As a central component of macroeconomic thinking, purchasing power parity is battered and battle-wo...